21点游戏的算牌

　　像好莱坞电影“雨人”一样，对于21点游戏想必大多数人都听过算牌，在21点游戏中并会经常引用参考这种做法，但是很少有人了解这种技术如何进行实际工作。虽然好莱坞给我们的总体印象，算牌是非常复杂，需要特殊的智力，但算牌其实是相当简单的。

　　是谁发明的算牌呢？

　　很多赌徒在这方面是数学家，爱德华·索普博士，世界卫生组织推广的算牌男子。索普在1962年发表的开创性工作“击败庄家”，引进了先进的数学21点战略的玩家，其中包括卡票。

　　一些其他专业赌徒用数学家的艺术卡片计数，包括斯坦福大学的黄，是“Wonging”的发明者，而肯Uston，对推广团队算牌方法作出进一步的贡献。

　　什么是算牌？

　　算牌基本上是跟踪脱壳价值低而卡高的比例在21点游戏的做法。一个具有高价值的卡占较大比重的脱卡会给出一个数学的边缘对于玩家来说，虽然一个价值低卡和高的比例的脱卡有利于庄家。

　　算牌的玩家们将尝试保持跟踪卡在脱卡高而卡低价值的比例。这样做有一些不同的方法，不过，都有着共同的事实，该卡计数器往往会提高赌注，当他或她已确定在赌桌上持有比例较高的高卡。

　　算牌复杂吗？

　　虽然在很多人的印象中很难，但是智力或记忆卡计数会发挥巨大的作用，现已开发各种系统，使卡计数已经在普通百姓中运用。所有这一切都需要卡柜台的能力，以保持整个脱卡的浓度，并把握好最佳的21点战略。

　　算牌有用吗？

　　算牌，创建了一个从赌场优势对玩家的微小变化。通常有一个比玩家使用的最佳战略0.5％的优势，然而，卡计数，具有最佳的21点战略相结合，创建了玩家1％的优势。

　　虽然一个职业赌徒一般要有数百万的算牌，重要的是要认识到，这种技术可以赚钱，能够获得一笔可观的资金，但是需要耐心和长期的战略。此外，大多数的赌场已实施各种限制赌徒的规定，从中受益算牌的反制措施。

　　在线算牌有用吗？

　　在线21点游戏，除非使用数字脱卡，否则在几手牌过程中，通过一个或多个副牌，算牌是不可能的。网上赌场的经营者意识到算牌会威胁到他们的利润，因此确保虚拟甲板每手牌开始前都洗牌。

　　译文

　　While Hollywood movies like Rain Man and 21 have ensured that most people have heard of card counting and will frequently cite this practice in reference to blackjack, few understand how this technique for beating the house actually works. Whilst Hollywood has created the impression that card counting is highly complex and requires exceptional intellectual abilities, card counting is actually fairly simple.

　　Who Invented Card Counting?

　　Many gamblers regard mathematician, Dr. Edward Thorp, as the man who popularised card counting. In 1962 Thorp published the seminal work 'Beat the Dealer', which introduced a number of advanced mathematical blackjack strategies to players, including card counting.

　　A number of other professional gamblers and mathematicians have made further contributions to the art of card counting, including Stanford Wong, the inventor of ‘Wonging’， and Ken Uston, who popularised team play methods of card counting.

　　What is Card Counting?

　　Card counting is basically the practice of keeping track of the proportion of high to low value cards in a shoe during blackjack games. A shoe with a larger proportion of high value cards gives a mathematical edge to the player, whilst a shoe with a high proportion of low value cards favours the dealer.

　　Players who count cards will attempt to keep track of the proportion of cards of high, medium and low value in a shoe. There are a number of different methods for doing this, however, all have in common the fact that the card counter will tend to raise bets when he or she has established that the deck holds a higher proportion of high cards.

　　Is Card Counting Complicated?

　　No. While many people are under the impression that card counting requires prodigious feats of intellect or memory, various systems have been developed which make card counting accessible to ordinary people. All that is required of card counters is the ability to maintain concentration throughout a shoe, and a good grasp of optimum blackjack strategy.

　　Does Card Counting Work?

　　Card counting creates a minuscule shift in advantage from the house towards the player. The house usually has a 0.5% advantage over a player using optimum strategy, however, card counting when combined with optimum blackjack strategy, creates a 1% advantage for the player over the house.

　　Although a significant number of professional gamblers have made millions from card counting, it is important to realise that making money from this technique requires a sizable bankroll, patience and a long-term strategy. Furthermore, most casinos have implemented various counter-measures that limit gamblers' opportunities to benefit from card counting.

　　Can Card Counting Work Online?

　　Unless online blackjack games make use of digital shoes, and therefore work through one or more decks of cards during the course of several hands, card counting is not possible while playing blackjack online. Online casino operators are aware of the threat card counting can pose to their profits and therefore ensure that virtual decks are shuffled before the start of each hand.