统计学破解彩票中奖之谜(2)

　　Statisticians everywhere are squealing in delight over this story on fellow statistician Mohan Srivastava,who used his know-how to crack the code of a tic-tac-toe scatcher lottery game. After winning three dollars on a scratcher ticket that was given to him as a gag gift, Srivastava got to wondering about the process of how tickets were made. As a geological consultant who figures out if areas are worth mining for gold, he wondered if he could do the same with this scratcher.

　　Srivastava realized that the same logic could be applied to the lottery. The apparent randomness of the scratch ticket was just a facade, a mathematical lie. And this meant that the lottery system might actually be solvable, just like those mining samples. “At the time, I had no intention of cracking the tickets,” he says. He was just curious about the algorithm that produced the numbers. Walking back from the gas station with the chips and coffee he’d bought with his winnings, he turned the problem over in his mind. By the time he reached the office, he was confident that he knew how the software might work, how it could precisely control the number of winners while still appearing random. “It wasn’t that hard,” Srivastava says. “I do the same kind of math all day long.”

　　It turns out he was able to pick out winners 90 percent of the time. He eventually told the Ontario Lottery and Gaming Corporation about the flaw, simply because he did the math and he makes more as a consultant than he would scratching hundreds of tickets every day. The game is no longer in stores now, of course, but on whether other games can be cracked:

　　Fundamentally, he believes that creating impregnable tickets is extremely difficult, if not impossible. “There is nothing random about the lottery,” he says. “In reality, everything about the game has been carefully designed to control payouts and entice the consumer.” Of course, these elaborate design elements mean that the ticket can be undesigned, that the algorithm can be reverse-engineered. The veneer of chance can be peeled away.

　　I sense ticket sales spiking across the country.

　　The funny thing is that most statisticians I know don't gamble at all because they know the odds are not in their favor. On the other hand, for Srivastava, it was statistics that drew him in.