毛泽东眼中的赌博

　　赌博被毛泽东痛斥为“在地主阶级腐朽的政治环境下产生的一个社会陋习”。在上海解放之前，中国的资本家可能一夜之间在赌桌上失去他的房子，商业和他的妻子。当共产党人的力量在1949年解放上海后，他们认识到赌博的严重性，并对赌博活动实行严谨的禁令。在毛泽东时代，人们过的是一种集体生活，并没有什么余钱，赌博作为他们在家里的一种娱乐，但涉及的金额不大。我年轻的时候，斗蟋蟀是一个具有赌博性质的共同的游戏。

　　但是事情发生了改变了。自20世纪80年代以来，随着收入的逐渐上升和社会控制力逐渐减弱，以及当地街道委员会远离人们家庭生活，各类赌博现象死灰复燃。

　　有两个流行的说法，男人有钱就变坏，女人变坏才有钱。与这两个说法相比，一个人沉迷赌博比他不断追求女色情况更糟糕。有钱人往往容易养成一些不良的生活习惯，贪婪，傲慢，喜欢赌博和通奸。

　　扑克赌钱在中国各地都很流行，每天都有赌徒失去或赢得以吨计算的金钱。

　　打牌时，在中国各地的地方，人们失去/每天赢他们的钱万吨。在麻将馆里，除了正在赌钱的人以外没有其他人。如果警察来，他们就把桌上的赌金藏匿起来。用这样的方式愚弄警察是他们的乐趣之一。他们甚至还把打麻将称之为“去工作”

　　赌博，作为一种习惯，是民族精神的一部分，是根深蒂固的。中国有一些传统的迷人的游戏已经被赌博文化所遮蔽，象棋和台球游戏也都演变成了赌博机器。即使是中国足球超级联赛，也被传踢假球而陷入赌博丑闻危机。

　　赌博活动还是一项国际活动。在国外的一些著名赌场，有很多游客来自中国大陆。而其中很多中国赌客从政府机构和银行挪用资金赌博。中国赌徒通常大量投注，而且十分强烈和集中，一些可能是三天三夜都不停止。只吃即食食品，甚至不离开自己的座位夜以继日地能够发挥游戏。

　　互联网赌博是新兴的，并因为信用卡支付或银行转账的技术支持而广泛传播。相比传统的赌博，网上赌博的成本更低，更难以察觉。大多数在线投注活动都涉及足球赌博。由于其方便性和高利润性，吸引了众多网民投注。

　　政府奖券于开始于1987年。政府也设有“体育彩票”，这给爱好者下注欧洲足球比赛或NBA篮球比赛的中国公民提供了很好的投注平台。虽然许多官方彩票是向公众开放，但也有一些非官方的。许多人相信，中国的赌场是最大的股市。

       译文

　　Gambling is an activity Mao denounced as "a bad social custom that arose out of the rotten political environment of the landlord class". Before liberation in Shanghai, the Chinese capital of vice, a man could lose his house, business and wife at a gambling table just by one night. When the communists took power in 1949, they imposed the ban and implemented it with more rigor and severity. The tough measures worked well in the Maoist era when people led collective lives, under the scrutiny of their neighbors, and had little spare money. They gambled at home as a recreation, but the sums involved were modest. When I was young, cricket fighting was a common game with gambling nature.

　　But things have changed since 1980s, as incomes rose, social controls diminished and people lived away from the family home and local street committee. Gambling of various kinds has revived.

　　Two sayings are to the point. One is that a man becomes bad as he is rich while a woman becomes rich as she is bad and the other is that a man's addiction of gambling is worse than another man's constant womanizing. A number of rich people here tend to pick up some bad habits quickly after they become rich, turning greedy, arrogant, and fond of gambling and adultery.

　　When cards and mahjong are all over the places in China, people lose/win tons of money on them every day. There are cards and mahjong parlors with nothing but tables full of people playing for money. If the police come around there is no mention of money, it is all for fun. They use cards or betting chips in place of money to "fool" the cops. People here call going to play mahjong "going to work".

　　Gambling, as a habit that is part of the national psyche, is deep-rooted in Chinese tradition and fascinating games can be obscured by the gambling culture. Chess and snooker games are turned into gambling machines. Even China's Super League （soccer） plunged into a crisis after being hit by match-fixing and gambling allegations.

　　Gambling also goes international. A lot of tourists from Chinese mainland frequent casino overseas. And some of them do put on big bets, many of them embezzled funds from government agencies and banks. Chinese gamblers usually bet large amounts, intensely concentrate and some may be able to play without stopping for three days and nights, eating only instant food and not leaving their seats.

　　Internet gambling is emerging and spreads widely, with improved technology making payment by credit card or bank transfer easier. Compared to traditional gambling, online gambling costs less and is more difficult to detect. Most online cases involve soccer gambling. Because of its convenience and high profit, it has attracted many punters.

　　Government lotteries started in 1987. The government also gave its blessing to "sports lotteries" which allow aficionados to wager on European football matches or NBA basketball games. While many official lotteries are open to the public, there are a few unofficial ones as well. Many people trust that Chinese stock market is the largest casino of all.